Products IRPC and its subsidiaries produce and distribute petroleum and petrochemical products, with details as follows: Petroleum Products Fuels • Gasoline: is the fuel for gasoline engines. Gasoline is classified by its octane rating, which indicates its resistance to “knocking” or “pinging” duringcombustion. Under state regulations, IRPC’sgasoline is divided into lead-free ULG 91, GSH 95 and GSH91 gasohol, and gasohol base, the last of which is used to manufacture gasohol and E20. • Diesel: is the fuel for high-speed diesel engines used in the industrial sector and vehicles, such as cars, trucks, fishing trawlers, passenger boats, and tractors. IRPC offers blends of 6-20% biodiesel as per government policy to promote the use of alternative energy and to support and promote the increasing use of palm oil. In addition,the government has set a policy defining B10 diesel as standard diesel, while B7 and B20 as alternatives. IRPC began selling B20 since mid-2018, and B10 since the end of 2019. • Fuel oil: is a fraction of crude oil with a high boiling point. Fuel oil is widely used in the industrial sector, transportation, and power generation. • Liquified petroleum gas (LPG): is a mixture of hydrocarbon gases, mainly propane and butane. LPG is commonly found in household kitchens and various other industries. It can also be used as a fuel for gasoline engine. • Low sulfur fuel oil (LSFO): is used primarily by cargo ships, to comply with the International Maritime Organization’s requirement, which stipulates that the sulfur content in bunker fuel must be reduced from 3.5 per cent to 0.5 per cent. Lube Base Oils • Lube base oil: refer to heavy distillates used for producing different grades of lubricants. IRPC produces the following grades of base oil for various purposes and applications: 150 SN is the feedstock for the manufacture of lubricants for automotive and transport industries, etc. 500 SN is the feedstock for the manufacture of lubricants used in most types of vehicles. 150 BS is used in industries and engines involving high friction, such as those in trucks, locomotives, and seagoing vessels, etc. In addition, IRPC has researched and developed other innovative base oils, namely, Treated Distillate Aromatic Extract (TDAE) and Residue Aromatic Extract (RAE). These serve as feedstocks for the manufacture of automotive tires and contain reduced Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), which is a carcinogen, thus contributing to consumer health and safety. • Asphalt: is a compound of hydrocarbons and other organic substances, collectively known as bitumen. Thick and viscose, asphalt is the heaviest part from the crude oil distillation process. It is used for road construction and sealant. Other petroleum products • Naphtha refers to light distillates obtained from the oil refining process. It is a major petrochemical feedstock. 75 Structure and Business Operations of IRPC IRPC PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED
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